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During this phase, the hen’s rate of egg production gradually declines, the average egg size typically increases, and the efficiency of intestinal calcium transport and renal reabsorption diminishes with age. To address larger egg sizes requiring more shell material, the standard raises the minimum calcium requirement while reducing available phosphorus to prevent physiological antagonism. Crude protein is also reduced to control egg size expansion and maintain shell thickness.",[18,34,36],{"id":35},"structured-facts","Structured Facts",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"classification","Classification",[23,43,44],{},"Feeding Phase > Layer; Layer Feeds > Late-Cycle Laying Rations.",[38,46,48],{"id":47},"biological-functions","Biological Functions",[23,50,51],{},"Extends shell stability, supports late laying phase performance, maintains eggshell quality, and manages late-cycle egg size expansion.",[38,53,55],{"id":54},"nutritional-requirements","Nutritional Requirements",[23,57,58],{},"Raised minimum calcium requirement (4.0%) and reduced available phosphorus (0.33%). Reduced crude protein (13.0%).",[38,60,62],{"id":61},"deficiency","Deficiency",[64,65,66,70],"ul",{},[67,68,69],"li",{},"Clinical Signs: Thinner, more fragile shells.",[67,71,72],{},"Economic Impact: Late-cycle egg breakage.",[38,74,76],{"id":75},"toxicity","Toxicity",[64,78,79],{},[67,80,81],{},"Clinical Signs: Excess circulating phosphorus acts as a physiological antagonist to calcium absorption and inhibits calcium deposition on the eggshell membrane.",[38,83,85],{"id":84},"interactions","Interactions",[23,87,88],{},"Excess circulating phosphorus antagonizes calcium absorption in the gut.",[38,90,92],{"id":91},"feed-phase-requirements","Feed Phase Requirements",[64,94,95,98,101,104,107,110],{},[67,96,97],{},"Pre-Starter: Not applicable",[67,99,100],{},"Starter: Not applicable",[67,102,103],{},"Grower: Not applicable",[67,105,106],{},"Finisher: Not applicable",[67,108,109],{},"Breeder: Not applicable",[67,111,112],{},"Layer: Weeks 46 to 72+.",[18,114,116],{"id":115},"quantitative-data","Quantitative Data",[64,118,119,122,125,128],{},[67,120,121],{},"Requirement: Metabolizable Energy, Crude Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine.",[67,123,124],{},"Minimum Level: Metabolizable Energy: 2400 kcal\u002Fkg; Crude Protein: 13.0%; Calcium: 4.0%; Total Phosphorus: 0.65%; Available Phosphorus: 0.33%; Lysine: 0.70%; Methionine: 0.30%; Methionine + Cystine: 0.52%; Threonine: 0.52%.",[67,126,127],{},"Maximum Level: Moisture: 11.0%; Crude Fibre: 10.0%; Acid Insoluble Ash: 4.5%; Salt: 0.5%.",[67,129,130],{},"Unit: Percentage (%) by mass (dry matter basis), kcal\u002Fkg.",[18,132,134],{"id":133},"relationships","Relationships",[64,136,137,140,143],{},[67,138,139],{},"Related Nutrients: Calcium, Phosphorus, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine.",[67,141,142],{},"Breeds: Egg-Type Layers.",[67,144,145],{},"Production Stages: Weeks 46 to 72+.",{"title":147,"searchDepth":148,"depth":148,"links":149},"",3,[150,152,153,154,155,156,157],{"id":40,"depth":151,"text":41},2,{"id":47,"depth":151,"text":48},{"id":54,"depth":151,"text":55},{"id":61,"depth":151,"text":62},{"id":75,"depth":151,"text":76},{"id":84,"depth":151,"text":85},{"id":91,"depth":151,"text":92},"nutrition",null,"KodiBook Editorial Team","md","en","2026-06-27",{"puid":165,"readingTime":151},"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a028-7192-9b59-055ebb95a2f2",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii",{"keywords":169,"canonical":172,"hreflangs":173,"schemas":187,"title":12,"description":12},[158,170,171,162],"poultry farming","kodibook guide","https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F",[174,175,178,181,184],{"lang":162,"href":172},{"lang":176,"href":177},"hi","https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fhi\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F",{"lang":179,"href":180},"te","https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fte\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F",{"lang":182,"href":183},"ta","https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fta\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F",{"lang":185,"href":186},"kn","https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fkn\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F",[188],"{\"@context\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org\",\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"headline\":\"Layer Phase II\",\"description\":\"Layer Phase II\",\"identifier\":\"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a028-7192-9b59-055ebb95a2f2\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii\u002F\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"KodiBook\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\"}}","en\u002Fnutrition\u002Flayer-phase-ii",1,"U2ro5y71EbBAGSk9me2BkxPRVk6mcXj-ZD_M6nV6MEI",[193,319,439,559,593],{"id":194,"title":195,"author":13,"body":196,"category":158,"day":159,"description":195,"editorialReview":160,"extension":161,"featuredCategories":159,"futureReady":159,"handoff":159,"hero":159,"homepageSections":159,"language":162,"lastUpdated":163,"meta":299,"navigation":166,"path":301,"phase":159,"practical":159,"seo":302,"sequence":159,"stats":159,"stem":317,"tags":159,"translationVersion":190,"version":190,"whyKodiBook":159,"__hash__":318},"content\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick.md","Breeder Chick",{"type":15,"value":197,"toc":291},[198,200,203,205,208,210,212,215,217,220,222,225,227,232,234,242,244,260,262,275,277],[18,199,21],{"id":20},[23,201,202],{},"Initial rearing phase formulated specifically to support the development of Parent Stock birds.",[18,204,29],{"id":28},[23,206,207],{},"Breeder Chick is a specialized feeding phase designed for Parent Stock (PS) birds. The nutritional profile is strictly formulated to ensure robust early growth that eventually supports optimal fertility and egg hatchability. Unlike commercial broiler chicks designed for rapid weight gain, breeder chick diets must control early growth through a restricted nutritional plan to prevent joint and tendon stress. Energy density is limited while crude protein is maintained to support immune tissue development and early feathering.",[18,209,36],{"id":35},[38,211,41],{"id":40},[23,213,214],{},"Feeding Phase > Breeder; Breeder Feeds > Parent Stock Early Rations.",[38,216,48],{"id":47},[23,218,219],{},"Restricts early lipid deposition, protects structural joint health, establishes structural skeleton uniformity, and develops a robust immune system.",[38,221,55],{"id":54},[23,223,224],{},"Energy density is limited to a maximum of 2800 kcal\u002Fkg while maintaining a minimum crude protein level of 20.0%. Requires a minimum of 1.0% Calcium.",[38,226,62],{"id":61},[64,228,229],{},[67,230,231],{},"Economic Impact: Reduced future fertility and hatchability.",[38,233,76],{"id":75},[64,235,236,239],{},[67,237,238],{},"Clinical Signs: Excess early growth causes joint and tendon stress.",[67,240,241],{},"Maximum Safe Level: Energy limit 2800 kcal\u002Fkg.",[38,243,92],{"id":91},[64,245,246,248,250,252,254,257],{},[67,247,97],{},[67,249,100],{},[67,251,103],{},[67,253,106],{},[67,255,256],{},"Breeder: Weeks 0 to 6.",[67,258,259],{},"Layer: Not applicable",[18,261,116],{"id":115},[64,263,264,267,270,273],{},[67,265,266],{},"Requirement: Crude Protein, Calcium.",[67,268,269],{},"Minimum Level: Crude Protein: 20.0%; Calcium: 1.0%.",[67,271,272],{},"Maximum Level: Moisture: 11.0%; Metabolizable Energy: 2800 kcal\u002Fkg limit.",[67,274,130],{},[18,276,134],{"id":133},[64,278,279,282,285,288],{},[67,280,281],{},"Related Nutrients: Calcium.",[67,283,284],{},"Diseases: Joint and tendon stress.",[67,286,287],{},"Breeds: Parent Stock (Broiler and Layer).",[67,289,290],{},"Production Stages: Weeks 0 to 6.",{"title":147,"searchDepth":148,"depth":148,"links":292},[293,294,295,296,297,298],{"id":40,"depth":151,"text":41},{"id":47,"depth":151,"text":48},{"id":54,"depth":151,"text":55},{"id":61,"depth":151,"text":62},{"id":75,"depth":151,"text":76},{"id":91,"depth":151,"text":92},{"puid":300,"readingTime":151},"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a027-716e-8d1d-355141f98337","\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick",{"keywords":303,"canonical":304,"hreflangs":305,"schemas":315,"title":195,"description":195},[158,170,171,162],"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F",[306,307,309,311,313],{"lang":162,"href":304},{"lang":176,"href":308},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fhi\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F",{"lang":179,"href":310},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fte\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F",{"lang":182,"href":312},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fta\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F",{"lang":185,"href":314},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fkn\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F",[316],"{\"@context\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org\",\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"headline\":\"Breeder Chick\",\"description\":\"Breeder Chick\",\"identifier\":\"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a027-716e-8d1d-355141f98337\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick\u002F\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"KodiBook\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\"}}","en\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-chick","nbIeRUWBJ5lEOWHSRzp8746NLRtXnFCdFcgZgKez0Kg",{"id":320,"title":321,"author":13,"body":322,"category":158,"day":159,"description":321,"editorialReview":160,"extension":161,"featuredCategories":159,"futureReady":159,"handoff":159,"hero":159,"homepageSections":159,"language":162,"lastUpdated":163,"meta":419,"navigation":166,"path":421,"phase":159,"practical":159,"seo":422,"sequence":159,"stats":159,"stem":437,"tags":159,"translationVersion":190,"version":190,"whyKodiBook":159,"__hash__":438},"content\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower.md","Breeder Grower",{"type":15,"value":323,"toc":411},[324,326,329,331,334,336,338,341,343,346,348,351,353,358,360,365,367,382,384,397,399],[18,325,21],{"id":20},[23,327,328],{},"Developmental feeding phase designed to carefully manage the growth curve of Parent Stock birds prior to sexual maturity.",[18,330,29],{"id":28},[23,332,333],{},"Breeder Grower emphasizes controlled skeletal and reproductive growth, ensuring the flock reaches optimal physical condition and uniformity prior to initiating hatching egg production. Strict qualitative or quantitative feed restriction programs are implemented, supported by high levels of structural, insoluble fiber (9.0%) to encourage gut distension and satiety. The grower-to-pre-layer transition also involves increasing calcium from 1.0% to 2.0% to load medullary bone reserves.",[18,335,36],{"id":35},[38,337,41],{"id":40},[23,339,340],{},"Feeding Phase > Breeder; Breeder Feeds > Parent Stock Rearing Rations.",[38,342,48],{"id":47},[23,344,345],{},"Synchronizes physical and endocrinological sexual maturity, manages growth curves, loads medullary bone reserves, and encourages gut distension and satiety.",[38,347,55],{"id":54},[23,349,350],{},"Strict body weight control using high levels of structural, insoluble fiber (9.0%). Minimum 16.0% crude protein, with a calcium increase from 1.0% to 2.0% during the pre-lay transition.",[38,352,62],{"id":61},[64,354,355],{},[67,356,357],{},"Economic Impact: Reduced long-term fertility.",[38,359,76],{"id":75},[64,361,362],{},[67,363,364],{},"Clinical Signs: Overweight\u002Fobese pullets accumulate lipid deposits in the liver and ovarian stroma, causing erratic follicular maturation, double-yolked eggs, and peritonitis.",[38,366,92],{"id":91},[64,368,369,371,373,375,377,380],{},[67,370,97],{},[67,372,100],{},[67,374,103],{},[67,376,106],{},[67,378,379],{},"Breeder: Pre-lay development.",[67,381,259],{},[18,383,116],{"id":115},[64,385,386,388,391,394],{},[67,387,266],{},[67,389,390],{},"Minimum Level: Crude Protein: 16.0%; Calcium: 1.0% (Grower) to 2.0% (Pre-Layer).",[67,392,393],{},"Maximum Level: Moisture: 11.0%; Crude Fibre: 9.0%.",[67,395,396],{},"Unit: Percentage (%) by mass (dry matter basis).",[18,398,134],{"id":133},[64,400,401,403,406,408],{},[67,402,281],{},[67,404,405],{},"Diseases: Obesity, Peritonitis, Erratic Follicular Maturation.",[67,407,287],{},[67,409,410],{},"Production Stages: Pre-Lay Development.",{"title":147,"searchDepth":148,"depth":148,"links":412},[413,414,415,416,417,418],{"id":40,"depth":151,"text":41},{"id":47,"depth":151,"text":48},{"id":54,"depth":151,"text":55},{"id":61,"depth":151,"text":62},{"id":75,"depth":151,"text":76},{"id":91,"depth":151,"text":92},{"puid":420,"readingTime":151},"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a027-7f2b-bf7d-6d6aa9dab658","\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower",{"keywords":423,"canonical":424,"hreflangs":425,"schemas":435,"title":321,"description":321},[158,170,171,162],"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F",[426,427,429,431,433],{"lang":162,"href":424},{"lang":176,"href":428},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fhi\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F",{"lang":179,"href":430},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fte\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F",{"lang":182,"href":432},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fta\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F",{"lang":185,"href":434},"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fkn\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F",[436],"{\"@context\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org\",\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"headline\":\"Breeder Grower\",\"description\":\"Breeder Grower\",\"identifier\":\"puid_poultry_01a051e7-a027-7f2b-bf7d-6d6aa9dab658\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower\u002F\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"KodiBook\",\"url\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fkodibook.com\"}}","en\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-grower","1aUY2JnIZ79mKt_b5OzFsl6is7rUWRe2KXVl9GNiorw",{"id":440,"title":441,"author":13,"body":442,"category":158,"day":159,"description":441,"editorialReview":160,"extension":161,"featuredCategories":159,"futureReady":159,"handoff":159,"hero":159,"homepageSections":159,"language":162,"lastUpdated":163,"meta":539,"navigation":166,"path":541,"phase":159,"practical":159,"seo":542,"sequence":159,"stats":159,"stem":557,"tags":159,"translationVersion":190,"version":190,"whyKodiBook":159,"__hash__":558},"content\u002Fen\u002Fnutrition\u002Fbreeder-layer.md","Breeder Layer",{"type":15,"value":443,"toc":531},[444,446,449,451,454,456,458,461,463,466,468,471,473,481,483,485,500,502,516,518],[18,445,21],{"id":20},[23,447,448],{},"Adult reproductive feeding phase formulated to support the production of fertile hatching eggs in Parent Stock.",[18,450,29],{"id":28},[23,452,453],{},"Breeder Layer is a critical nutritional phase exclusively formulated to optimize fertility, egg hatchability, and maternal transfers into the egg yolk and albumen. These maternal transfers sustain the developing embryo during the 21-day incubation period. Diets are highly fortified with organic trace minerals and antioxidants, alongside a high calcium level to ensure the eggshell is thick and robust, which minimizes bacterial penetration and limits moisture loss.",[18,455,36],{"id":35},[38,457,41],{"id":40},[23,459,460],{},"Feeding Phase > Breeder; Breeder Feeds > Parent Stock Breeding Rations.",[38,462,48],{"id":47},[23,464,465],{},"Maternal transfer of vitamins and trace minerals, supports embryo development, maintains membrane integrity, and optimizes fertility and hatchability.",[38,467,55],{"id":54},[23,469,470],{},"High levels of organic trace minerals (zinc, manganese, selenium), antioxidants like Vitamin E (minimum 50 mg\u002Fkg), and high calcium levels. Minimum crude protein is 14.0% for broiler breeders and 16.0% for layer breeders.",[38,472,62],{"id":61},[64,474,475,478],{},[67,476,477],{},"Clinical Signs: Thin eggshells causing moisture loss and bacterial penetration.",[67,479,480],{},"Economic Impact: Poor day-old chick quality and low hatchability.",[38,482,76],{"id":75},[38,484,92],{"id":91},[64,486,487,489,491,493,495,498],{},[67,488,97],{},[67,490,100],{},[67,492,103],{},[67,494,106],{},[67,496,497],{},"Breeder: Adult reproductive phase.",[67,499,259],{},[18,501,116],{"id":115},[64,503,504,507,510,513],{},[67,505,506],{},"Requirement: Crude Protein, Calcium, Vitamin E.",[67,508,509],{},"Minimum Level: Crude Protein: 14.0% (Broiler) \u002F 16.0% (Layer); Calcium: 3.5% (Broiler) \u002F 3.8% (Layer); Vitamin E: 50 mg\u002Fkg.",[67,511,512],{},"Maximum Level: Moisture: 11.0%.",[67,514,515],{},"Unit: Percentage (%) by mass (dry matter basis), mg\u002Fkg.",[18,517,134],{"id":133},[64,519,520,523,526,528],{},[67,521,522],{},"Related 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